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Pattern 1914 Enfield
The Pattern 1914 Enfield was a derivative of a rifle that originally began as a replacement for the SMLE in British Army service. It is a Mauser-type action with 2 forward locking lugs, an external non-rotating claw extractor, and a staggered-column box magazine contained entirely within the stock. It can be easily identified by the prominent metal "ears" that protect both the front sight and the receiver-mounted rear sight.
Background
Development
During the Second Boer War (1899-1902), the British Army found that the SMLE rifle chambered in .303 was severely outclassed by the M1895 Mauser rifles used by the Boer forces. The high velocity and flat trajectory of the 7x57mm Mauser cartridge proved much more accurate and powerful at long range than the British .303 MKIII cartridge, giving the Boers a decisive advantage in the open veldt of South Africa. Attempts to upgrade the Lee-Enfield design proved unsuccessful due to its rear-mounted locking lugs, and in 1910 the Small Arms Committee issued a requirement for a Mauser-type rifle with front-locking lugs, single-piece stock, and small-caliber cartridge. In 1911 the Royal Small Arms Factory produced a modified cock-on-closing Mauser-type design, which was adopted for testing in 1913 as: Rifle, Magazine, Enfield, .276-inch, colloquially known as the Pattern 13.
Pattern 13
The new rifle featured a Mauser-type cock-on-closing action with front locking lugs, a non-rotating claw extractor, and a staggered 5-round box magazine contained within the one-piece stock. The bolt handle had a distinctive "dogleg" shape, bringing it down and back toward the operator's hand. A 2-position thumb safety was located on the right side behind the bolt handle. The rifle had a 26" barrel, with a protected front sight, and aperture rear sight with flip-up elevation ladder mounted on the receiver bridge, which gave the rifle an extremely long sight radius. It was chambered in a new 7mm cartridge specifically developed for the rifle, the .276 Enfield, which propelled a 165gr bullet at 2,800fps. The rifle was not popular with troops, who reported excessive muzzle blast, overheating, and rifling wear.
Pattern 14
When World War I began, it was determined that it would be impractical to convert the British Army to a new rifle and cartridge, and the development of the .276 Enfield was forgotten. Production of the rifle in Britain was also impossible, as all available facilities were cranking out SMLE MkIII's. However, it was decided that the rifle could be re-chambered in .303 without altering the basic design. Thus the design became: Rifle, .303 Pattern 1914. The British government then contracted out production of the Pattern 14 to Winchester Repeating Arms and Remington Arms in the United States. From 1915-1917 1,235,298 rifles were produced by Winchester, Remington, and Remington's subsidiary Baldwin Locomotive Works in Eddystone, Pennsylvania. The rifle's length and weight made it unpopular with regular troops, who found it difficult to wield in the close-range combat of trench fighting. It was, however, popular with snipers, where its barrel length, long sight radius, and weight made it more accurate than the SMLE.
Enfield Pattern 1914
Specifications
- Weight: P13: 8lb. 11 oz. (3.9kg); P14: 9 lb. 6 oz.(4.25kg)
- Length: 3 ft. 10.25 in. (1175 mm)
- Barrel length: 26.0 in (660 mm)
- Cartridge: .276 Enfield (Pattern 13); .303 Enfield (Pattern 14)
- Action: Modified Mauser turn bolt
- Muzzle velocity: 2,785 ft/s(848.9m/s); 2380 ft/s (725.6m/s)
- Feed system: 5-round box magazine
The Pattern 1914 Enfield and variants can be seen in the following films, television series, video games, and anime used by the following actors:
Film
| Title | Actor | Character | Notes | Date |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sniper | British soldiers | 1931 | ||
| Horizon (Gorizont) | American soldiers | Unclear model | 1932 | |
| If War Comes Tomorrow (Esli zavtra voyna) | Enemy troops | 1938 | ||
| Fighting Film Collection No. 3 (Boyevoy kinosbornik No. 3) | British soldiers | Seen in documentary footage | 1941 | |
| Hell Below Zero | Ivan Craig | Larsen | Sporterized P14 or M1917 | 1954 |
| Stanley Baker | Erik Bland | |||
| Alan Ladd | Duncan Craig | |||
| And Quiet Flows the Don (Tikhiy Don) | Austro-Hungarian soldiers | 1957 | ||
| The Poet | Red sailors and cavalrymen | Likely Enfield P14 | 1957 | |
| The Golden Eshelon (Zolotoy eshelon) | Arkadi Trusov | Lipat Korneevich | Some with P1907 bayonets | 1959 |
| Aleksandr Tolstykh | Stepan Krutikov | |||
| Anatoli Yushko | Chernykh | |||
| Red partisans | ||||
| Dersu Uzala | Adolf Shestakov | Captain Vladimir Arsenyev | 1961 | |
| The Hyperboloid of Engineer Garin (Giperboloid inzhenera Garina) | Garin's private army soldiers | 1965 | ||
| The Naked Prey | Gert van den Bergh | The 2nd Man | Sporterized | 1966 |
| Exodus (Iskhod) | Mongols | 1968 | ||
| Sergey Lazo | Imperial Japanese Army soldiers | 1968 | ||
| The Intervention (Interventsiya) | Hold by statues | 1969 | ||
| Mission in Kabul (Missiya v Kabule) | Royal guards of the Emir | 1971 | ||
| The Hound of the Baskervilles (Sobaka Baskerviley) | British Police | 1971 | ||
| The Seventh Bullet (Sedmaya pulya) | Hamza Umarov | Hairullah | 1972 | |
| In the Black Sands (V chyornykh peskakh) | Basmachi | M1917 or P14 | 1973 | |
| The Black Captain (Chyornyy kapitan) | Partisans | 1973 | ||
| And on the Pacific... (I na Tikhom Okeane...) | Viktor Avdyushko | Nikita Yegorovich Vershinin | 1974 | |
| Red partisans | ||||
| Velvet Season (Barkhatnyy sezon) | Spanish Republicans, French police | 1978 | ||
| The Girl from the Legend (Devushka iz legendy) | Sharif Kabulov | Kabul | 1980 | |
| Yakhye Faizulayev | Habib | |||
| Bukharan soldiers, Basmachi | ||||
| Against the Current (Protiv techeniya) | Red sailors | 1981 | ||
| Cossack Outpost (Kazachya zastava) | Lev Perfilov | Irod | 1982 | |
| Urgent... Secret... Gubcheka (Srochno... sekretno... Gubcheka) | White soldiers | 1982 | ||
| The Pavilion on the Links (Dom na dyunakh) | Arkadi Shalolashvili | Antonio | 1984 | |
| Northmour's yacht sailors | ||||
| Come and See (Idi i smotri) | SS soldiers, Soviet partisan | 1985 | ||
| Out of Africa | Hunter | Supposedly a sporterized Pattern 1914 in .303 British | 1986 | |
| Club Paradise | A revolutionary and a soldier | 1986 | ||
| The Jaguar (Yaguar) | Chilean military school cadets | 1987 | ||
| Crocodile Dundee II | Paul Hogan | Michael J. 'Crocodile' Dundee | Sporterized P 14 | 1988 |
| Linda Kozlowski | Sue Charlton | |||
| Luis Guzmán | Jose | |||
| Cargo 300 (Gruz 300) | Afghan mujaheddins | 1989 | ||
| Richard III | Richmond's soldiers | 1995 | ||
| Seven Years in Tibet | Chinese KMT and PLA soldiers | 1997 | ||
| Emden Men | French soldiers | 2012 | ||
| Battery Number One (Edinichka) | Ilya Pivnyuk | Ruzek | 2015 |
Television
| Title | Actor | Character | Notes / Episode | Date |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dad's Army | Arthur Lowe | Captain George Mainwaring | 1968-1977 | |
| John Le Mesurier | Sergeant Arthur Wilson | |||
| Clive Dunn | Lance Corporal Jack Jones | |||
| James Beck | Private Joe Walker | |||
| Ian Lavender | Private Frank Pike | |||
| John Laurie | Private James Frazer | |||
| Here Lies the Border (Zdes prokhodit granitsa) | Basmachi | Ep.1 | 1975 | |
| The Meeting at High Snows (Vstrecha u vysokikh snegov) | Saidmurad Ziyautdinov | Mulabek | 1981 | |
| Basmachi | ||||
| Long Road in the Dunes (Ilgais cels kapas) | Latvian Army soldiers | Ep.2 | 1982 | |
| Fiery Roads (Ognennye dorogi) | Ulmas Alikhodzhayev | Hamza Hakimzade Niyazi | Ep.15 | 1983-1985 |
| British soldiers, rebels in British India, Ottoman police, Basmachi | Ep.9,13,15 | |||
| Foyle's War - Season 2 | Home Guard soldiers | All episodes | 2003 | |
| Foyle's War - Season 3 | Tony Haygarth | Leo Maccoby | P14(T) Sniper Rifle; "The French Drop" (S3E1) | 2004 |
| And Quiet Flows the Don (Tikhiy Don) | Austro-Hungarian soldiers | 2006 | ||
| The Caravan of Sailors | Olaf Stieg | Matrose Pinkert | 2006 | |
| Arab Bedouins | ||||
| Foyle's War - Season 5 | Home Guard soldiers | "Casualties of War" (S5E2) | 2007 | |
| Foyle's War - Season 6 | Home Guard soldiers | "Plan of Attack" (S6E1) | 2008 | |
| Doctor Who (New Series) | Hooverville citizens | "Daleks in Manhattan" | 2005 - | |
| Agatha Christie's Marple | A British soldier | "Nemesis" (S03E04) | 2009 | |
| Hetaeras of Major Sokolov (Getery mayora Sokolova) | Seen in the documentary footage of the Spanish Civil war | 2014 |
Video Games
| Title | Appears as | Mods | Notes | Date |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Battlefield: 1918 | 2003 | |||
| Forgotten Hope 2 | "No.3 Mk I* (T)" | Fitted with Aldis 1918 scope | 2007 | |
| Sniper Elite III | "American Enfield" | Hybrid M1914/17 | 2014 | |
| Verdun | "Pattern 1914 Enfield" | 2015 | ||
| Squad 44: Letters From The Front | "P14 Enfield Sniper" | Added in 2024 Operation Clean Sweep Update | 2018 | |
| Enlisted | "Enfield P14" | 2021 | ||
| "Enfield P14 (T)" | ||||
| Beyond The Wire | "Pattern 14 MkI W (T)" | Sniper configuration | 2022 |
Animation
| Title | Character | Notes | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Love, Death & Robots - Season 1 | British soldier | w/bayonet, cartoonized; "Alternate Histories" (S1E17) | 2019 |
Enfield M1917
When the United States entered World War I in 1917, the M1903 Springfield was the standard-issue battle rifle of the US Army and US Marine Corps. However, only 840,000 had been produced, and the United States desperately needed an alternative to arm the American Expeditionary Force. The Pattern 14 rifle, then in production for the British Army, was found to be easily converted to the US .30-06 service cartridge. All production of the P14 was ceased, and Winchester, Remington, and Eddystone began manufacturing the new U.S. Rifle, Caliber .30, Model of 1917. From 1917-1918, 2,193,429 rifles were produced, far outnumbering M1903 production. By the end of the war, roughly 75% of the American Expeditionary Force was armed with the M1917. Like the British troops, American soldiers disliked the rifle for its length and weight; with its 17" bayonet it was usually taller than the man carrying it.
As the Springfield was introduced as the standard rifle after the war, the army no longer had any need for the M1917. Some were put into storage, issued to arm the National Guard, or sold on the civilian market.
During the Second World War, the stored weapons were retrieved from the arsenals and refurbished. In some cases, new barrels were fitted and the weapons were used for training. In 1940, 615,000 and in 1941 another 119,000 of these weapons were delivered to Great Britain as part of Lend-Lease US aid to arm the Home Guard and secondary troops. To prevent these rifles, built in .30-06 caliber, from being confused with their almost identical-looking predecessor the M1917s were given a red stripe on the stock.
The widely used designation "M1917 Enfield" resulted from the renaming process in the mid-1920s.
Specifications
- Weight: 9 lb. 3oz.(4.17kg)
- Length: 3 ft. 10.25 in. (1175 mm)
- Barrel length: 26.0 in (660 mm)
- Cartridge: .30-06 Springfield
- Action: Modified Mauser turn bolt
- Muzzle velocity: 2700 ft/s (823 m/s)
- Feed system: 6-round box magazine
The Enfield M1917 and variants can be seen in the following films, television series, video games, and anime used by the following actors:
Film
| Title | Actor | Character | Notes | Date |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| The Lost Battalion | American soldiers | 1919 | ||
| Wings | American and British soldiers | 1927 | ||
| Eskimo | Joseph Sauers | Sergeant Hunt | 1933 | |
| Edgar Dearing | Constable Balk | |||
| They Gave Him a Gun | Franchot Tone | James Davis | 1937 | |
| Spencer Tracy | Fred P. Willis | |||
| US Army soldiers | ||||
| Block-Heads | US Army soldiers | 1938 | ||
| Went the Day Well? | British Home Guard/German Paratroopers | 1942 | ||
| The 317th Platoon | Laotian troops | 1965 | ||
| King of Hearts | German soldiers | 1966 | ||
| Night of the Living Dead | Posse member | Sporterized | 1968 | |
| Oh! What a Lovely War | American soldiers | 1969 | ||
| The Omega Man | Charlton Heston | Col. Robert Neville | 1971 | |
| March or Die | American soldiers | 1977 | ||
| The Island of Dr Moreau | Nigel Davenport | Montgomery | 1977 | |
| Michael York | Andrew Braddock | |||
| Dawn of the Dead | Seen on a gun shelf | 1978 | ||
| Enter the Ninja | Guards | 1981 | ||
| The Untouchables | Royal Canadian Mounted Police | 1987 | ||
| Truman | US Armry soldiers | 1995 | ||
| Spawn | U.S. honor guard soldiers | 1997 | ||
| Anacondas: The Hunt for the Blood Orchid | Karl Yune | Tran Wu | Sporterized | 2004 |
| Johnny Messner | Bill Johnson | |||
| King Kong | U.S. Army soldiers | 2005 | ||
| Days of Glory | Roschdy Zem | Messaoud | 2006 | |
| Free French soldiers | ||||
| Assembly (Ji jie hao) | Nationalist Chinese soldiers | 2007 | ||
| Intimate Enemies | French soldiers | 2007 | ||
| Far from Men | Algerian rebels and French soldiers | 2014 | ||
| 7 Witches | vigilante | 2017 | ||
| Wonder Woman | Ewen Bremner | Charlie | 2017 | |
| The King's Man | Gemma Arterton | Polly | 2021 |
Television
| Title | Actor | Character | Notes / Episode | Date |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mission: Impossible - Season 2 | Warren Stevens | Karl de Groot | Sporter model | 1967 |
| Anzacs | American troops | 1985 | ||
| MacGyver (1985) - Season 1 | Khalil's tribesmen | "Slow Death" (S1E19) | 1986 | |
| Police Rescue | Australian New South Wales Police | 1989-1996 | ||
| The Lost Battalion | Rick Schroder | Major Charles Whittlesey | 2001 | |
| André Vippolis | Pvt. Lipasti | |||
| Rhys Miles Thomas | Pvt. Bob Yoder | |||
| Arthur Kremer | Pvt. Abraham Krotoshinsky | |||
| Daniel Caltagirone | Pvt. Phillip Cepeglia | |||
| Michael Goldstrom | Pvt. Jacob Rosen | |||
| US Army soldiers | ||||
| Boardwalk Empire | Michael K. Williams | "Chalky" White | 2010-2014 | |
| Jack Huston | Richard Harrow | "Margate Sands" (S3E12) | ||
| The Last of Us - Season 1 | Sporterised, seen in armory; "Long Long Time" (S1E03) | 2023 |
Video Games
| Title | Appears as | Mods | Notes | Date |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Forgotten Hope 2 | "M1917 Enfield" | Can be fitted with M1917 bayonet | 2007 | |
| Warface | "M1917 Enfield" | w/scope | added post-release | 2013 |
| Battle of Empires: 1914-1918 | "Enfield" | 2015 | ||
| Verdun | "M1917 Enfield" | Added in Horrors of War expansion (2016) | 2015 | |
| Battlefield 1 | "M1917 Enfield" | Added in Apocalypse DLC (2017) | 2016 | |
| Enlisted | "M1917 Enfield" | 2021 | ||
| Beyond The Wire | "M1917 Enfield" | 2022 |
See Also
- Royal Small Arms Factory - A list of weapons produced by RSAF Enfield