Castle in the Sky (originally known as Laputa: Castle in the Sky, itself named after the floating island Laputa in Gulliver's Travels, but re-named for the American release due to this having a rather unfortunate meaning in Spanish) is a 1986 anime film directed by Hayao Miyazaki and is the first film from Studio Ghibli (Porco Rosso, Lupin III: The Castle of Cagliostro).
The following weapons were used in the anime film Castle in the Sky:
Dola Gang's Grenade launcher
Dola and her pirate gang all use single barrel break-open grenade launchers that fires explosive and gas rounds. Pazu obtains one from Dola when he goes to find Sheeta.
Dola fires a gas round at Muska's men aboard the passenger airship.
Dola reloads her launcher in the town.
Dola about to fire her launcher at a railway points switch.
Pazu acquires a grenade launcher plus two explosive rounds
(Highlight for Spoilers) from Dola after freeing her and her gang from the army. 
Pazu prepares to blast away a wall with the grenade launcher while finding Sheeta.
Highlight for Spoilers: A worse-for-wear Pazu aims his now empty launcher at Muska. 
Highlight for Spoilers: Pazu drops the launcher. Note the grip seems to be drawn off a Colt Model 1903's grip with a hand-guard.
Gatling Gun
In the first Scene Where Dola and her gang raid an airship, two crewmen fire a hand-cranked Gatling Gun.
Two Sailors fight back with a Gatling gun
Webley Mk VI
The Army, Muska, and the other secret service agents carry Webley Mk VI revolvers as their standard service sidearm.
Webley Mk. VI - .455 Webley
One of Muska's men fire at Dola.
A soldier aims his Webley at Pazu as he runs after Sheeta, just before him and the agent gets a full blast of steam from the mining locomotive next to them.
Highlight for Spoilers: One of Muska's agents shoots at Pazu, grazing him in the cheek. 
Highlight for Spoilers: Just after Pazu gets back the volucite (Aetherium in the English releases) crystal from Sheeta, Muska fires at Pazu, hitting one of his flying goggle's lenses. 
Highlight for Spoilers: Muska aims his service revolver at Sheeta in the Laputa Throne Room. 
Highlight for Spoilers: Muska reloads his Webley in the finale. Hybrid Short Magazine Lee-Enfield (SMLE)
All of the soldiers seen in the film carry hybrid SMLE bolt-action rifles, due to the slightly longer barrel of the No. 4 rifle and Gewehr 98 Lange-Visier sights. The rifles are depicted with five round magazines instead of the better known ten round magazines, which is plausible since 5-round magazines did exist for the Lee-Enfield rifles, mainly used on the Lee-Speed sporting rifles.
SMLE Mk.III* / Lee-Enfield No.1 Mk.III* with Pattern 1907 Bayonet - .303 British.
Mauser Gewehr 98 - 7.92x57mm
Lee-Enfield No.4 Mk.1 - .303 British
The Soldiers looking down into the chasm, giving us a look at the Lee-Enfield 5-round magazine.
A great look at the hybrid SMLE's No.4 barrel and Lange-Visier sights as the soldiers fire at the Dola Gang. Note the front sight is still attached to the nose-cap of the rifles and the lack of a bayonet lug below the barrel.
The Soldiers corner Pazu and Sheeta. Note that the bayonets are mounted on the barrel, and not on the ring lug below the barrel.
A guard tires to call backup as the Laputian robot comes to life, while his comrade aims his hybrid SMLE at the robot.
A Soldier with his Hybrid SMLE keeps watch, while Pazu and Sheeta sneak past.
Lee-Enfield No. 4 Mk I
Surprisingly, a genuine Lee-Enfield No. 4 Mk I used by one of the sailors in the passenger airship in the beginning.
Lee-Enfield No. 4 Mk I - .303 British
A sailor tries to fend off against Dola's gang in the beginning, but just gets pushed aside.
Maxim M1910/30
The fort's arsenal includes two Maxim M1910/30s, which are used to try to fend off against the Laputian robot.
Maxim M1910/30, post-1941 manufacture with top hatch on cooling jacket allowing it to be filled more quickly or with snow - 7.62x54mmR
A soldier fires the Maxim while his comrade helps feed the ammo.
The two Maxims just before the Laputian robot blasts his way through the fire doors.
Stielhandgranate
Both Dola and the soldiers use Model 24 hand grenades.
Model 24 Stielhandgranate "Potato Masher" High-Explosive Fragmentation hand grenade
Dola throws a grenade to stop the villagers
Maxim MG08/15
In Dola's room aboard the Tiger Moth, next to her dresser, Dola has hanging on the wall various weapons, one of which being a Maxim MG08/15 machine gun.
Maxim MG08/15 - 7.92x57mm Mauser
Dola searches for new clothes for Sheeta to wear aboard the Tiger Moth. Above the dresser is a rack with the MG08/15 hanging from it.
Percussion Cap Pistol
Dola keeps a Percussion Cap Pistol inside her dresser. She also has two twin pistols hanging on the rack next to it.
Italian (Kingdom of the Two Sicilies) Percussion cap pistol, converted from flintlock, circa mid-19th century - .69 caliber (17.7mm)
Below the sword are the two twin pistols
Blunderbuss
Also hanging on the rack next to Dola's dresser is a Blunderbuss.
At the top of the rack is the Blunderbuss
Train Artillery Cannons
At one point the army pulls up an armoured train, the front car of which is essentially a WW2-era German armoured railway car with additional casemate guns based on the 6-pounder Hotchkiss guns of WW1 British "male" tanks.
The train's cannons fire at the Dola Gang
Fortress Tedis Cannons
The Fortress Tedis has several short-barrel heavy cannon turrets built on the outer walls of the fortress. These appear to be based on WW1-era retractable fortress cannon cupolas, such as those mounted on the French fortresses at Verdun.
A long shot of the various cannon turrets at Tedis.
The gun batteries rotate their aim towards the Laputian robot.
One of the turrets before it is destroyed by a blast from the Laputian robot.
Air Destroyer Goliath
The Army's "Air Destroyer" Goliath is armed to the teeth with massive cannons, as well as several Maxim MG08 machine guns for anti-air defense purposes.
Goliath in all its glory.
Goliath's heavy ventral cannons fire at the Laputian robot at the Fortress.
One of
Goliath's MG08 turrets fire at one of the Dola Gang flaptors. Note the smooth barrel jacket compared to the M1910's fluted barrel jacket.
Goliath's dorsal cannons fire at the Dola Gang's airship
Tiger Moth.
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