A-91

The A-91 is a Russian bullpup assault rifle / grenade launcher system developed by KBP Instrument Design Bureau. Originally designed in 1990, the prototype design featured the 40mm grenade launcher located above the barrel, with the trigger underneath it. The production variant moved the grenade launcher to an underbarrel configuration and moved the trigger alongside the rifle trigger. The production variant is sometimes designated A-91M.

While the grenade launcher is often described as integral, it can be removed replaced with a normal forearm on later models (though it is unclear if this feature is exclusive to the 5.56A-91 or also applies to non-export A-91). The A-91 is one of the earlier (if not the earliest) production implementations of a forward ejection system on a bullpup weapon, like on the FN F2000, though the earliest examples of such a design trace back to Soviet-era prototypes. The cocking handle can be rotated from left to right to suit handedness.

An export variant is made for the A-91, known as the 5.56A-91 (often rendered as 5,56A-91 due to the use of the comma as a decimal point in Russian), chambered in 5.56x45mm NATO. This variant also had a redesign, giving it a new lower receiver with a more conventional rear-sloped pistol grip as opposed to the unusual near-vertical grip used by previous variants.

Overall, despite having a rather public appearance, information on the weapon is unusually limited.

A-91

A-91 prototype - 7.62x39mm / 40mm

A-91 (also sometimes called A-91M) - 7.62x39mm / 40mm

5.56A-91 - 5.56x45mm NATO / 40mm

5.56A-91 (later model, sometimes designated 5.56A-91M) - 5.56x45mm NATO / 40mm

Specifications

(1990 - Present)

• Type: Assault Rifle

• Caliber: 7.62x39mm (A-91 Rifle), 5.56x45mm NATO (5.56A-91 Rifle), 40mm VOG/GRD (Grenade Launcher)

• Weight: 8.8 lbs (4 kg)

• Length: 26 in (66 cm)

• Barrel length: 16.3 in (41.5 cm)

• Capacity: 30-round box magazine

• Fire Modes: Semi-Auto/Full-Auto

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The A-91 and variants can be seen in the following films, television series, video games, and anime used by the following actors:

Film

Title	Actor	Character	Note	Date
Moscow Heat		NYPD detectives	A-91	2004

Video Games

Game Title	Appears as	Note	Release Date
Söldner: Secret Wars	"A-91"		2004
SOCOM: US Navy SEALs Fireteam Bravo 3		A-91 prototype, integral grenade launcher removed. Incorrectly modeled with 5.56 mags	2010
Battlefield 3	"A-91"	5.56A-91, grenade launcher removed	2011
Battlefield Play4Free	"A-91"	5.56A-91, grenade launcher removed	2011
Ghost Recon: Future Soldier	"A-91"	5.56A-91, new lower receiver, default version removes grenade launcher but can be reattached	2012
Battlefield 4	"A-91"	5.56A-91, grenade launcher removed	2013
Rainbow Six Siege		5.56A-91, unusable; seen on a pre-release concept	2015

Anime

Title	Character	Note	Date
Ghost in the Shell Stand Alone Complex	Marco		2002 - 2003
Durarara!!×2 Ketsu	Simon	5.56A-91	2016

ADS Amphibious Rifle

ADS amphibious rifle - 5.45x39mm / 40mm

ADS amphibious rifle with suppressor - 5.45x39mm / 40mm

The ADS Amphibious Rifle (Автомат Двухсредный Специальный, Special Dual-Medium Assault Rifle) is an amphibious assault rifle based on the A-91, with a lineage tracing back to the original Soviet APS Underwater Rifle and prototype bullpup designs of the ASM-DT amphibious rifle.

Physically, the ADS is based on the A-91 with the redesigned 5.56A-91 lower receiver, with modifications necessary for underwater performance. Parts were redesigned and some materials were changed for this goal, and a new "environmental selector" switch was added to the gas system, with settings for operation above and below water.

The ADS is chambered in 5.45x39mm and uses standard AK-74 magazines. Like any underwater firearm, its underwater capability is based on the use of special ammunition. Above-water, the ADS can fire standard 5.45x39mm rounds. Underwater, it uses special 5.45x39mm PSP rounds. The PSP round uses a standard 5.45x39mm casing, but contains a 2.09-inch (53mm) long, 247-grain (16 gram) hardened steel dart-like projectile fitted with a small plastic sabot more resembling a driving band: this projectile is telescoped within the case, extending right to the base, so the complete round will still fit in a standard AK-74 magazine. The projectile has a flat nose designed to form a cavitation bubble around it, in a similar manner to Soviet-era supercavitating torpedoes: it has an effective range of around 82 feet (25 meters) at a depth of 16 feet (5 meters), and 59 feet (18 meters) at a depth of 66 feet (20 meters). There is also a training round, the PSP-U, which uses a lighter 123-grain (8 gram) bronze projectile to reduce barrel wear. Unlike the underwater rounds for the APS and ASM-DT, the PSP round is also fairly effective above-water, though it is less effective than a standard bullet in this medium.

Tests have shown that the ADS is effective in both environments; above water, its accuracy is comparable to military-issue AK-74s; underwater, it is more accurate and easier to handle than the older APS rifles. As of 2018, the ADS is entering mass production and is fully phasing out older APS underwater rifles.

Specifications

(2013 - Present)

• Type: Amphibious Assault Rifle

• Caliber: 5.45x39mm (Rifle), 40mm VOG/GRD (Grenade Launcher)

• Weight: 10.1 lbs (4.6 kg)

• Length: 27 in (68.5 cm)

• Barrel length: 16.5 in (41.8 cm)

• Capacity: 30-round AK-74-type box magazine

• Fire Modes: Semi-Auto/Full-Auto

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The A-91 and variants can be seen in the following films, television series, video games, and anime used by the following actors:

Video Games

Game Title	Appears as	Mods	Notation	Release Date
Depth	ADS Rifle			2014